Durham city i Strafford county i New Hamshire i USA

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Colonists first arrived in Wecannecohunt in 1622, the year of the Gorges-Mason grant. They spent their earliest years fishing, cutting, and trapping to sell salted fish, lumber, and fur to European markets. By 1633, colonists were spread along the tidal shores of the Oyster River, and by 1640, they were ”in 'recognized possession' of lands up to the fall line.” Colonial Durham was first known as the Oyster River Plantation.[10] Had the colonists adopted the farming practices of those native to Wecannecohunt, they might have spared themselves sweat, bloodshed, and strife. The English always brought non-native livestock aboard their ships, ”thousands of cattle, swine, sheep, and horses,” requiring them to clear acres merely for pasture. Wecannecohunt's fields, carefully cultivated across centuries, were trampled and their crops destroyed. ”The animals exacerbated a host of problems related to subsistence practices, land use, property rights and, ultimately, political authority.” When violence between the colonized and the colonizers erupted, livestock were frequently killed. The Abenaki saw them as a direct threat to their food supply.

During King William's War, on July 18, 1694, the English settlement was attacked in the Raid on Oyster River by French career soldier Claude-Sébastien de Villieu with about 250 Abenaki from Norridgewock under command of their sagamore Bomazeen (or Bomoseen). In all, 104 inhabitants were killed and 27 taken captive, with half the dwellings, including the garrisons, pillaged and burned to the ground.

Oyster River was part of Dover throughout its first century. The Plantation was granted rights as an independent parish in 1716 and incorporated as a township in 1732 when it was renamed Durham. Rev. Hugh Adams claimed to have proposed the name ”Durham” in an address to the General Assembly in 1738.[15][16] Two of the earliest settlers of Dover were William and Edward Hilton, the direct descendants of Sir William de Hilton, Lord of Hilton Castle in County Durham, England, but there is nothing to prove that Durham was named in their honor.